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''Nachtjagdgeschwader'' 2 (NJG 2) was a German Luftwaffe night fighter-wing of World War II. NJG 2 was formed on 1 September 1940 in Gilze en Rijen from II./Nachtjagdgeschwader 1 (NJG 1). Stab I./NJG 2 was formed from Stab II./NJG 1,while 1./NJG 2 was formed from 4./NJG1 equipped with the Junkers Ju 88C-1. 2./NJG 2 was raised from 5./NJG 1 with Do 17Z-7/10, and 3./NJG 2 from 6./NJG 1 with the Junkers Ju 88C-2. 4./NJG 2 was formed in November 1940 in Gilze Rijen from elements of 1./Zerstörergeschwader 2 (ZG 2). III./NJG 2 was formed in March 1942, and in October redesignated II./NJG 2. In July 1943 a new III ''Gruppe'' was formed from V./Nachtjagdgeschwader 6 (NJG 6). In October 1944 III ''Gruppe'' became IV./Nachtjagdgeschwader 3 (NJG 3), and the IV./NJG 3 became the new III./NJG 2. == Intruders 1940-41 == I./NJG 2's initial role was unlike the other units of the Luftwaffe night fighter arm; as a ''Fernnachtjagd Gruppe'' they were tasked with long-range intruder missions over the UK, disrupting night flying training and harassing the returning Royal Air Force (RAF) bombers over their own airfields. Luftflotte 3's radio intercepts of Bomber Command's transmissions helped pinpoint the operational airfields in Eastern England. I./NJG 2 aircraft could then scramble to be over the airfields at the predicted times of the bomber's return. The technique employed was to mix with the returning bombers, orbit the bases, and either shoot down targets that presented themselves or drop bombs across the runways.〔History of the German Night fighter Force, G. Abers, 1978〕 Based at Gilze-Rijen in the Netherlands, operations commenced using just 7 JU 88 C-1 night fighters. Although most missions were carried out using the Junkers Ju 88C-1 and C-2, a few Dornier Do 215B-5 fighter conversions were trialled in the spring of 1941. The offensive over the UK yielded promising results- some 143 victory claims were made, and over 90 RAF aircraft were indeed lost between October 1940 and the start of 1942. There was also the additional disruption to RAF operations and the psychological effects on the RAF crews.〔 By October 1941 however night intruder sorties were curtailed, due to the inadequate number of aircraft available (I ''Gruppe'' never had more than 20 JU 88s operational) and the High Command's perceived lack of results; it was thought shooting down RAF bombers over the German homeland had a far greater morale effect than over the UK.〔 Among the most successful of the unit's pilots was Ufz. Heinz Strüning, who flew 66 intruder missions over England. He recorded his first night victory on 23/24 November - a RAF Vickers Wellington bomber and by the end of 1941 he had 9 victories. Leutnant Alfons Koster had, by October 1941, some 11 intruder victories. Lt. Hans Hahn was credited with 12 victories, all over England. He was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross In July 1941, but was killed in action in October 1941, colliding with an RAF Airspeed Oxford trainer he was trying to shoot down. II./NJG 2 flew more conventional operations at this time, based at Leeuwarden on the Dutch coast. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nachtjagdgeschwader 2」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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